A doctor uses AI to draft a prior authorization request, transforming what might be a tedious, time-consuming process into an efficient one. Yet, if an insurer’s AI rejects the request based on criteria the doctor’s system didn’t account for, the result is delays and frustration. This is the new reality of AI ecosystems: interconnected networks of intelligent agents and systems that collaborate, compete, or clash across business units or organizations. These ecosystems can offer new opportunities but also introduce new complexities and risks.